Japanese Sword Art
Antique Tachi attributed to Unju appraised as a JUYO Token
This blade is attributed to Unju (雲重), active during the early-mid Nanbokucho period (1352-1374: Bunna-Oan era), based on his remaining works. He belonged to Unrui (雲類) school, which flourished from the late Kamakura-mid Nanbokucho period. He lived in Ukai (宇甘) village in Bizen province (Today’s Okayama prefecture). He was known as the son of Unji (雲次), another prominent figure in this school.
The founder of Unrui school was Unsho (雲生). According to a legendary story, Unsho was ordered to forge a Tachi blade for the emperor Godaigo (後醍醐天皇), one of the most famous emperors in Japanese history. And, Unsho was having difficulty forging a blade that satisfied him. However, one night he dreamed about floating clouds. And he got an idea from these clouds in his dream to make Hamon, and he successfully created the blade for the emperor.
He devoted that Tachi blade to the emperor Godaigo, and the emperor was impressed by the level of Unsho’s craftsmanship, saying, “The activity of Hamon looks like real clouds.” And the emperor Godaigo ordered Unsho to use the letter 雲(Un or Kumo: Clouds in Japanese). Since then, the school was named Unrui (雲類). All the members of the Unrui school used Un(雲) in their maker’s names. Unsho was active during Kengen era (1302-: Late Kamakura period). And the father of Unjyu, Unji, was the son of Unsho. Unrui school is also known as Ukai (宇甘) because they lived in the village in Bizen province.
Antique Katana attributed to Tegai
This blade is attributed to Tegai (手掻) according to NBTHK’s appraisal. The first-gen Kanenaga is known as the founder of Tegai school. The school was prosperous during the late Kamakura-mid Muromachi period (1288-1460). We believe the attribution was given to late Kamakura-Nanbokucho era (Early-Mid 14th century). It is said that Tegai school belonged to Todaiji temple, and it was located in front of the gate called Tengai Gate (輾磑門). The school name Tegai originally came from the sound of Tengai Gate.
There were five prestigious schools, including Tegai school, during the Kamakura-Nanbokucho period in Yamato province. They are called Yamato Goha(大和五派); Senjyuin(千手院), Shikkake (尻懸), Taima(当麻), Hosho(保昌) and Tegai(手掻) school. They served politically powerful monks and temples in Nara, such as Todaiji temples. They were initially forging swords for military monks who became powerful due to the government’s policy back then.
Newly Acquired Wakizashi signed by Masanori
This blade was forged by Yamato Daijyo Fijiwara Masanori(大和大掾藤原正則), who was born in Miyatsu city, Tango koku(northern Koyoto prefecture). Based on his remaining work, he was active during the early Edo period(the 13th year of Keisho-the fourth year of Keian:1608-1651). Masanori is famous for having forged extremely sharp blades and was popular among high-class Samurai.
It is said that he was a descendant of Yamashiro koku Sanjyo Yoshinori(山城国三条吉則), one of the most famous swordsmiths during the Muromachi period（Prior to Edo period).After learning the sword-forging technique from his father, Norimitsu(則光) in Miyatsu city, Norimitsu, he moved to Kyoto city.
Masanori eventually was noticed and supported by Matsudaira Hideyasu, the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Edo government. Hideysu was the feudal lord of Echizen province during the early Edo period. He then moved to Echizen province to serve the Matsudaira clan. He became an Okakaekaji for Matsudaira Tadanao(松平忠直), who was the first son of Matsudaira Hideyasu. An Okakaekaji means those who exclusively forged swords for specific Samurai or clan. It was honorable for any makers to serve this position back then. He also received an official title of Yamato Daijyo from the emperor for his excellent craftsmanship.
Mid Edo period Katana Signed by Yasuchika
This blade was signed by Naminohira Yasuchika(波平安周), who was active during Kyoho era(1716-1736: Mid- Edo period). He belonged to a prestigious school whose master was Naminohira Yasukuni. Naminohira is a place located in the Satsuma domain(today’s Kagoshima prefecture). Naminohira Yasukuni, his master, was 57th head of Naminohira school.
Naminohira(波平) was one of the most influential schools in Satsuma domain founded by a Yamato-Den swordsmith Masakuni(正國) during the late-Heian period(Late 12th century). They were known for having their smith name with one of these letters, 行(Yuki) or 安(Yasu).
The Naminohira swords were cherished among Samurais in the marine army, mainly because the name Naminohira(波平) means “Tides are quiet.” in Japanese.
The origin of the name Naminohira dates back to the school’s foundation. It is said that the founder Masakuni was able to calm the waves by dedicating his sword to the sea when his school from Yamato sailed to live in Satsuma domain. Since then, he began to use the title “Naminohira Yukiyasu (波平行安)” – “Tides are quiet, ’tis an easy way.” From the late-Heian period until the end of Samurai times(Late 19th century), the Naminohira family had kept the mastership for a thousand years.
Katana attributed to the first-gen Kunisada
This blade is attributed to the first-gen Izumi no Kami Kunisada. Kunisada, also known as Inoue Yoshihiro, was born in the 17th year of Tensho era(1589) in the southern part of Miyazaki prefecture(Kyushu island). Later on, he moved to Kyoto and became an apprentice of Horikawa Kunihiro, one of the most famous swordsmiths in the early Edo period(early 17th century). He also learned the sword-forging technique from a senior apprentice, Echigo no Kami Kunitomo. Kunisada moved to Osaka in 1620 after his master, Kunihiro, was deceased. He became an independent swordsmith in Osaka city.
Kunisada was trusted by the third-gen head of Obi domain(Miyazaki prefecture), Ito Sukehisa, and Kunisada was able to receive the title of Izuminoakami in 1623 because of Sukehisa’s support.
He is known as one of the most influential swordsmiths to make Osaka a famous place for sword-forging in the early Edo period. Osaka was the center of business back then. Many renowned swordsmiths moved to Osaka to meet the demand from high-class Samurais.
Wakizashi signed by Kanesada
This blade was signed by Echigo no Kami Kanesada (越後守包貞). The maker’s name Kanesada lasted three generations, and NBTHK appraised this as a work of the first gen who was active during the early Edo period (1648-1673).
His birth name was Yamada Heidayu. He was originally from the Yamato region (Nara prefecture). It is said that he was a descendant of Tegai Kanesada (手掻包貞), a renowned swordsmith in the Yamato region during the Nanbokucho era (Mid-Late 14th century). He moved from Yamato region to Settsu province (Today’s Osaka) to become an apprentice of Iga no Kami Kanemichi.
He received an honorable official title of Echigo no Kami in the 4th year of the Kanbun era (1664) from the emperor for his excellent craftsmanship. This blade was made after 1664 because Echigo no Kami is engraved on the tang.
Antique Tanto signed by Kanenori
This blade was signed by Echizen Koku Kanenori (越前国兼法). He was originally a swordsmith in Mino Province (美濃, today’s Gifu prefecture). However, he moved to Echizen (越前, today’s Fukui prefecture) by the invitation of the Yuki (結城) family, the lords of the Fukui domain. There are many swordsmiths with the same name from the end of the Muromachi period to the early Edo period.
The same motifs of overlapping crosse in a circle are depicted on this Fuchi Kashira. We estimate these patterns are designed here as family crests. There is a famous family crest that looks a little different but is very similar to these: Maru-ni Juji Mon (丸に十字紋). This crest was used by the Shimazu Daimyo family, based in Satsuma (薩摩, the west side of Kagoshima prefecture today) from the Kamakura period (1185-1333) to the Edo period.
Katana signed by Kijinmaru Kunishige
This blade was signed by Ikeda Kijinmaru Kunishige(池田鬼神丸国重), and according to NTHK’s appraisal, it was made during the Tenwa era(1681-1684: early Edo period). Based on his remaining works, Kunishige was active in sword-forging during 1661-1684 (Kanbun-Tenwa era).
He was the son of Anzaemon Kunimitsu, who belonged to Mizuta school located in Bichu domain(today’s Okayama prefecture). Naturally, during his early career, he lived in this region, working for the school. Later on, he moved to Osaka to become an apprentice of the second-gen Kawachi no Kami Kunisuke. And, he learned the excellent sword-forging technique from Kunisuke. Then, he moved to many places while active in sword-forging, such as Edo, Akita to improve his craftsmanship. And he eventually settled in Ikeda city in Settsu province(today’s Osaka). Since then, Kunishige started to sign as Ikeda Kijinmaru Kunishige. The smith’s name Ikeda came from the city he lived. Based on these facts, we believe this blade was forged in Ikeda city, Settsu province.
Katana signed by Sukesada
This blade was signed by Bizen Koku Jyu Osafune Sukesada (備前国住長船祐定) in Feb, the third year of the Dai-Ei era (1523: Late Muromachi period). Bizen Koku is the name of the province located in Today’s Okayama prefecture. Osafune is one of the most prosperous schools in this province during the Muromachi period. Sukesada is his maker’s name.
Those who forged swords in the Bizen province(Okayama prefecture) at the end of the Muromachi Period(1492-1569 A.D) are called Matsu Bizen(Matsu means the end). Sukesada school was one of the most famous schools, and it flourished for generations among Osafune schools(The head branch). There were various styles forged by the generations of Sukesada during this period. Approximately 60 swordsmiths used Sukesada as his maker’s name in the Samurai history. In that sense, the swordsmith’s name “Sukesada” worked as a kind of brand.
Katana signed by Yasuari
The maker’s name is Ippei Yasuari (一平安在), and the first part of the Kanji characters means that he was the son of Shume no Kami Ason Yasuyo. Yasuari was initially born as the son of Kiyofusa (清房) but was adopted by Yasuyo.
Ippei Yasuyo was one of the most famous swordsmiths in Satsuma domain in the mid-Edo period. He was born as the son of Ippei Yasusada in the 8th year of the Enpo era (1680). He first learned sword-forging techniques from his father and then became Naminohira Yasukuni’s apprentice. Yasuyo was especially active during the Genroku era (1688-1704). The 8th-gen Tokugawa Shogun, Tokugawa Yoshimune, encouraged swordsmiths nationwide to improve their craftsmanship as his policy, and Yoshimune made a list of the most renowned swordsmiths. And, Yasuyo was selected as one of the representatives from Satsuma domain.
Shogun Yoshimune often invited listed swordsmiths to Edo City so that they could forge blades in front of the Shogun. Yasuyo showed his high level of craftsmanship to the Shogun in 1721. As an acknowledgment from the Shogun, Yasuyo received the honorable official title of Shume no Kami (主馬首). He was also allowed to inscribe the holly oak emblem, the family crest of Tokugawa Shogunate. These facts indicate that Yasuyo was one of the most reputable swordsmiths. Yasuari, his son, must have learned this amazing craftsmanship from Yasuyo. And Yasunari often inscribed his father’s name before his signature. We presume Yasuari wanted to show respect to his father. Knowing that Yasuyo adopted Yasuari, Yasuari was the successor of Yasuyo. This means that Yasuari also mastered superb sword-forging techniques.
Katana Signed by the third-gen Tadakuni
This blade was signed by Hizen Jyu Harima Daijyo Fujiwara Tadakuni (肥前住播磨大掾藤原忠国). The maker’s name Tadakuni lasted three generations, and according to its NBTHK’s appraisal, it was signed by the third-gen Tadakuni. The third-gen Tadakuni was the son of the second-gen Tadakuni. He was active during the Kyoho era (mid Edo period: 1716-1736). Hizen is where he forged this blade. Hizen Ju means living in Hizen province (Today’s Saga prefecture). Harima Daijo is an official title given this swordsmith.
It is appraised as a Tokubetsu Hozon Token(特別保存刀剣) issued by NBTHK(Nihon Bijutsu Touken Hozon Kyokai:日本美術刀剣保存協会).
Wakizashi Signed by Kanetomo
The first-gen Kanetomo was known as an apprentice or a child of Kaneuji (Shizu Saburo), one of the most famous swordsmiths during the Nanbokucho period. He originally signed Kanetomo (包友) and resided in Yamato province (today’s Nara prefecture). And he moved to Mino province by following his master, Kaneuji. After Kanetomo (包友) moved to Mino province, he changed his maker’s name to Kanetomo (兼友). His mater, Keneuji, and Kanetomo belonged to the school called Tegai (手掻), one of the most famous schools in the region.
After he moved to Mino province, the first-gen Kanetomo belonged to a prestigious school called Sanami (三阿弥), one of the seven schools in Seki village in Mino province (Today’s Gifu prefecture). Those seven schools are known as Seki Kaji Shichi Ryu (関鍛冶七流). And the generations of Kanetomo resided, forging high-quality blades for Samurai who lived in this province.
Katana Signed by Hizen Munetsugu.
This blade was signed by Hizen Koku Minamoto Munetsugu (肥前国源宗次). Hizen Koku is the province’s name in today’s Saga prefecture. The maker’s name Munetsugu lasted eight generations, and according to NBTHK that appraised this blade, it was made by the first-gen Munetsugu judging from its characteristics. The first-gen Munetsugu was one of the most famous swordsmiths during the early Edo period in Hizen province.
The first-gen Munetsugu was born in a household that served the Tenmangu shrine as priests for generations in Nagase village in Hizen province. His birth name was Sakai Sanuemon. And he first signed Masatsugu. He took over his father’s school in the 12th year of the Tensho era (1584).
In the 11th year of the Keicho era (1606), he received Iyo Jyo title for his excellent craftsmanship. Additionally, in the 16th year of the Keicho era (1611), he was hired to forge blades for Nameshima Katsushige, the first head of Nameshima clan, who ruled Hizen province. And he became a Hanko (藩工), a swordsmith exclusively working for a specific clan or domain. He passed his name to the second-gen Munetsugu in the 9th year of the Kan-Ei era (1632).
Newly Acquired Katana Signed by Teruyuki
This blade was signed by Houshu Takada Jyu Fujiwara Teruyuki (豊州高田住藤原輝行), who was especially active during the Enpo era (1673-1681: the early Edo period). Houshu is another name for Bungo province in today’s Oita prefecture. Tadaka is the name of the village he resided in when he forged this blade. Takada is also the name of the school he belonged to.
Takada school was founded by Takada Tomoyuki in Takada village, Ohita prefecture, during the Nanbokucho period. (1334-1338 A.D). Tomoyuki went to Bizen province(today’s Okayama prefecture) to master the sword-forging techniques of BIZEN and came back to the village and trained his apprentices. That is how Takada school started. Those who forged swords in Takada village before the Edo period are called Taira Takada and Fujiwara Takada during the Edo period. This blade is categorized as a Fujiwara Takada sword.
Newly Acquired Katana attributed to Omiya
This blade is attributed to Omiya (大宮), a prestigious school that was especially active during the mid-late Nanbokucho period (mid-late 14th century). Omiya school was one of the many branches of Osafune school (headquarters). The swordsmiths who belonged to this school resided in Omiya village in today’s Okayama prefecture.
It is said that Omiya school was founded by Kunimori (国盛) during the late Kamakura period. According to one theory, Kunimori was originally from Yamashiro province(today’s Kyoto) and moved to Omiya village in Bizen province. Omiya school was active at the same time as Kanemitsu school, one of the most famous branches among Osafune schools.
Kanetmisu invented the unique Japanese sword-forging technique called Soden Bizen, which is a combination of SOSHU Den and BIZEN DEN. And the swordsmiths who belonged to Omiya school also mastered this technique. The swords forged in Soden Bizen were very popular among Samurai back then. Other famous figures who were from Omiya school are Morikage, Moritsugu, and Morishige. It was common to have Mori (盛) letters in their maker’s names.
Antique Katana Signed by Sukeyoshi
This blade was signed by Ashu Jyu Yoshikawa Rokuro Minamoto Sukeyoshi (阿洲住吉川六郎源祐芳) in the first year of the Bunkyu era (1861: The end of the Edo period). Ashu is another name for Awa province (Today’s Tokushima prefecture). Ashu Jyu means that Sukeyoshi lived in this province when he forged the blade. It was common for many swordsmiths to inscribe where he resided before they signed their maker’s name. We assume Yoshikawa Rokuro was his birth name.
Sukeyoshi was especially active during the end of the Edo period- early Meiji era (Mid-Late 19th century). He was born in Awa province, and he learned sword-forging techniques from Bizen Osafune Sukenaga (備前長船祐永), one of the most famous swordsmiths at the end of the Edo period. After finishing the apprenticeship, Sukeyoshi returned to Awa province and served Awa province.
Katana attributed to Hojyu
This blade is attributed to the work of Hojyu by NBTHK, the most reputable Japanese sword appraising organization in Japan.
Hojyu is the group of swordsmiths prosperous during the late Heian period-Nanbokucho period(late 12th-14th century) in Mutsu no Kuni(today’s Tohoku region: Northern part of Japan). We assume this blade was forged approximately during the late Kamakura-Nanbokucho period(early-late 14th century).
Hojyu swordsmiths belonged to Mogusa school, which functioned as the head branch. Mogusa school’s foundation dates back to the late 11th century when Oshu Fujiwara clan started to rule Mutsu no Kuni. And they were based in the city called Hiraizumi(平泉). There aren’t many remaining signed blades forged by Mogusa swordsmiths except Hojyu.
Hojyu is the most famous one among Mogusa schools.
Mutsu no Kuni had been ruled by the Oshu Fujiwara clan until Minamoto no Yoritomo(the shogun of the Kamakura government)ousted them. Many Hojyu swordsmiths moved to other parts of Japan as their master lost power. There are so many famous swordsmiths who were originally from this school, and they built the foundation of sword-forging in other parts of Japan, such as Bizen province. Hojyu swordsmiths were deeply involved in the formation of iconic Japanese sword’s characteristics.
Hojyu is written as 宝(Treasure)＆寿( Longevity) in Japanese. Because of the name, swords forged by Hojyu were believed to bring good luck and were treated as great gifts among Samurai.
Tanto from the late Muromachi period
This blade was signed by Bizen Koku Jyu Osafune Harumitsu (備前国住長船春光) in the second year of the Genki (1571: Late Muromachi period). Bizen Koku is the name of the province located in Today’s Okayama prefecture. Osafune is one of the most prosperous schools in this province during the Muromachi period. Harumitsu is his maker’s name. There were a few swordsmiths who used Harumitsu as their maker’s name.
Those who forged swords in the Bizen province (Okayama prefecture) at the end of the Muromachi period (1492-1569 A.D) are called Matsu Bizen (Matsu means the end). The swordsmiths in Bizen produced many swords during the Muromachi period as it was in the middle of the Sengoku period (Warring state period). The demand for weapons increased among strong feudal lords. It would be nice to have a piece forged in the warring state period when there was so much rivalry between warlords.
Katana signed by Hosokawa Yoshinori & Masanori
This blade was signed by Hosokawa Yoshinori and Masanori (細川義規、正規) in Feb, the first year of the Genji era (1864:The end of the Edo period). The signature also says they lived in Noshu (Today’s Tochigi prefecture) when they created this blade together. Noshu is also known as Shimo no koku (下野国).
When two swordsmiths collaborate to create one work, it is called Gassaku (合作). It was generally done by a master and his apprentice or his son. Masanori is Yoshinori’s son. They served Utsunomiya domain and belonged to Hosokawa school, initially founded by the first-gen Hosokawa Masayoshi.
Yoshinori was born in the second year of the Bunka era (1815: late Edo period) in Shimo no Koku. Yoshinori served Toda clan, who ruled Utsunomiya domain in Shimo no Koku. He worked for the clan as an Okakaekaji, a swordsmith who exclusively forged swords for a specific domain or clan.
Yoshinori adopted Masamori, and they worked together in Utsunomiya domain. Masamori was born in 1839, and after being adopted by Yoshinori, he took over Yoshinori’s school. Considering when they were born, this blade was created when Yoshinori was 60 years old, and Masanori was 25 years old.
Newly Acquired Japanese Sword attributed to Ryumon
This blade was signed by Bungo no Kami Kuniyoshi (豊後守国義). Its NBTHK Tokubetsu Hozon certificate also says that it was made in Wakasa province (Today’s Fukui prefecture) during the Kanbu era (1661-1673).
Kuniyoshi is known as a younger brother of the first-gen Shinano Kami Nobuyoshi (初代信濃守信吉), one of the most famous swordsmiths in Yamashiro province (Today’s Kyoto) during the early-mid Edo period. Kuniyoshi belonged to Mishina school, which was prosperous in Yamashiro and Osaka, and other parts of Japan during the Edo period.
Kuniyoshi started his career in Yamashiro province by learning sword-forging techniques from his older brother, the first-gen Shinano Kami Nobuyoshi. After mastering high-level craftmanship, he moved to Omi province (Shiga prefecture) and then Bushu province (Today’s Tokyo). Eventually, he settled in Wakasa province (Fukui prefecture) by being hired by Obama clan. He received the honorable official title of Bungo no Kami in his career.
This blade is attributed to Uda Kunimune (宇多国宗) during the late Nanbokucho～O-Ei era (Late 14th century-1428), according to its NBTHK Tokubetsu Hozon appraisal. Kunimune belonged to Uda school. The maker’s name Kunimune lasted a few generations. The first-gen Kunimune was the son of Kunimitsu and a younger brother of Kunifusa. All of them played an essential role in making the school prosperous. Based on its appraisal, we believe it is attributed to the late-gen Kunimune.
Uda (宇多) school was especially active during the Nanbokuchoto-mid Muromachi period(approx. 1334–1491). The school was established by Kunimitsu(国光) in the late Kamakura period (late 13th century). The school was located in Etchu province in Toyama prefecture today.
This blade was signed by Chikuzen no Kami Nobuhide (筑前守信秀) in the 3rd year of the Keio era (1866: The end of the Edo period).
Nobuhide was born in Echigo province (today’s Nigata prefecture) in the 12th year of the Bunka era (1815).
In the 12th year of the Bunsei era (1829), he moved to Kyoto and became a famous mirror craftsman. Eventually, he relocated to Edo city (today’s Tokyo) to become an apprentice of Kiyomaro in the third year of the Ka-Ei era (1850). Nobuhide was about 34-35 years old when he first studied sword-forging techniques from Kiyamaro, one of the most skilled and renowned swordsmiths at the end of the Edo period. Kiyomaro was just two years older than Nobuhide back then.
He was so talented that he mastered superb craftsmanship from Kiyomaro in less than three years. Nobuhide was treated as Kiyomaro’s No1 apprentice.
The entire of this sword’s Koshirae is designed with the common theme: Nozarashi-Zu (野晒図). It refers to human bones that have been exposed to winds and rain in the open air and turned into skeletons, and it often refers to skulls in particular. This Nozarashi theme has been favored since a long time ago. After reading the description of the webpage below, you might get a different impression regarding this theme.
According to NBTHK that authenticated the blade, it is attributed to one of Nioh’s swordsmiths. Although the authentication paper doesn’t say when it was made, we contacted NBTHK to confirm its age. They believe it was created during the late Kamakura period(about 700 years old) based on the blade’s characteristics. This school mastered superb craftsmanship, and it is known as one of the most famous schools in this region.
Nioh is the group of swordsmiths(school) that flourished from the mid-Kamakura period to the late Muromachi period(500-750 years ago) and lasted until the Edo period(150—400 years ago).The school was founded by Nioh Taro Kiyotsuna(二王太郎清綱) in Suo Province(today’s Yamaguchi prefecture). According to his remaining work, the oldest blade was forged in 1265. It is currently enshrined in Itsukushima Shrine in Hiroshima. It is said that he started to forge swords in around 1205(early Kamakura period). The Nioh swordsmiths inherited the part of its founder’s name 清(Kiyo) such as 清房(Kiyofusa), 清長(Kiyonaga).
This blade was forged by Yamato Daijyo Fijiwara Masanori(大和大掾藤原正則), who was born in Miyatsu city, Tango koku(northern Koyoto prefecture). Based on his remaining work, he was active during the early Edo period(the 13th year of Keisho-the fourth year of Keian:1608-1651). Masanori is famous for having forged extremely sharp blades and was popular among high-class Samurai.
It is said that he was a descendant of Yamashiro koku Sanjyo Yoshinori(山城国三条吉則), one of the most famous swordsmiths during the Muromachi period（Prior to Edo period).After learning the sword-forging technique from his father, Norimitsu(則光) in Miyatsu city, Norimitsu, he moved to Kyoto city.
Masanori eventually was noticed and supported by Matsudaira Hideyasu, the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Edo government. Hideysu was the feudal lord of Echizen province during the early Edo period. He then moved to Echizen province to serve the Matsudaira clan. He became an Okakaekaji for Matsudaira Tadanao(松平忠直), who was the first son of Matsudaira Hideyasu.
This blade was signed by Hizen Koku Tadayoshi during the late Edo period while Yoshi (吉) was cut due to Suriage (Size adjustment). We called NBTHK and they told that the attribution is given to the late-gen Tadayoshi from the late Edo period (Early- Mid 19th century). Hizen Koku is where Tadayoshi forged blades.
The swordsmith name Tadayoshi lasted 9th generations from the Azuchi Momoyama-Edo period (1572-1868). During the Edo period, they served the Nabeshima clan, who ruled the Saga domain where Hizen province was located.
This black lacquered scabbard has a highly decorative look. Many kinds of autumn plants are arranged and depicted in a well-balanced manner on an elegant black background made of black lacquer. This masterpiece shows the proficiency of the artisan of the time.
The Aki-no Nanakusa (秋の七草, the seven flowers of autumn) is a group of plants that represent the autumn season. For example, the Japanese bellflower, Japanese pampas grass, bush clover, and kudzu vine are included in this group. The design that combines flowers that grow naturally in the autumn field (chrysanthemum, in this case) with the seven autumn flowers is called the Akikusa (秋草, autumn plant) pattern. It has been favored as a tasteful motif among Japanese people.
This blade was signed by Bushu Jyu Yasushige (武州住康重) during the early Edo Period (Mid-Late 17th century). Yasushige lived in Bushu province, which is located in Hachioji city in today’s Tokyo, where he created this blade.
The maker’s name Yasushige lasted several generations from the late Muromachi period until the end of the Edo period. This blade was forged by late-gen Yasushige, active during the early Edo period. Yasushige belonged to Bushu Shitahara school in today’s Tokyo(Hachioji city). It is said that Yamamoto Norishige founded the school, and it thrived from the end of the Muromachi period to the late Edo period (Late 16th century to Late 19th century).
This blade is attributed to Ryumon (龍門), which was one of the prestigious schools in Yamato region (Today’s Nara prefecture), active during the late Kamakura period (approx. 700 years old). It is said that Ryumon was a branch of Senjuin school that served Toudaiji temple. Senjuin school is the oldest school that flourished during the Kamakura-Muromachi period in the Yamato region. The swordsmiths who were members of Ryumon school resided in Ryumon village in Nara prefecture. The most prominent figure that belonged to this school is Ryumon Nobuyoshi.
The Goshichi-no Kiri pattern is designed on this Tsuba. It is a kind of the Kiri (桐, paulownia) pattern and is generally composed of three standing straight inflorescences and three leaves. The paulownia crest and Karakusa pattern are drawn so as to fill the entire tsuba, giving it a luxurious appearance. The Karakusa design is a pattern in which vine stems, and leaves are twined and make curves.
Katana signed by Kuniyoshi
This blade was signed by Bungo no Kami Kuniyoshi (豊後守国義). Its NBTHK Tokubetsu Hozon certificate also says that it was made in Wakasa province (Today’s Fukui prefecture) during the Kanbu era (1661-1673).
Kuniyoshi is known as a younger brother of the first-gen Shinano Kami Nobuyoshi (初代信濃守信吉), one of the most famous swordsmiths in Yamashiro province (Today’s Kyoto) during the early-mid Edo period. Kuniyoshi belonged to Mishina school, which was prosperous in Yamashiro and Osaka, and other parts of Japan during the Edo period.
Kuniyoshi started his career in Yamashiro province by learning sword-forging techniques from his older brother, the first-gen Shinano Kami Nobuyoshi. After mastering high-level craftmanship, he moved to Omi province (Shiga prefecture) and then Bushu province (Today’s Tokyo). Eventually, he settled in Wakasa province (Fukui prefecture) by being hired by Obama clan. He received the honorable official title of Bungo no Kami in his career.
Wakizashi attributed to Uda Kunimine
This blade is attributed to Uda Kunimune (宇多国宗) during the late Nanbokucho～O-Ei era (Late 14th century-1428), according to its NBTHK Tokubetsu Hozon appraisal. Kunimune belonged to Uda school. The maker’s name Kunimune lasted a few generations. The first-gen Kunimune was the son of Kunimitsu and a younger brother of Kunifusa. All of them played an essential role in making the school prosperous. Based on its appraisal, we believe it is attributed to the late-gen Kunimune.
Uda (宇多) school was especially active during the Nanbokuchoto-mid Muromachi period(approx. 1334–1491). The school was established by Kunimitsu(国光) in the late Kamakura period (late 13th century). The school was located in Etchu province in Toyama prefecture today.
Antique Tanto attributed to Echizen Seki
Tanto with interesting Horimono (engravings).
This blade was attributed to Echizen Seki (越前関), who was a group of swordsmiths who loved from Mino province (Today’s Gifu prefecture) to Echizen province (Today’s Fukui prefecture) during the Keicho era (1596-1615: Late Azuchi Momoyama-Early Edo period).
On this blade, you would enjoy Horimono (engraving). First, please focus on the side where Japanese letters and a man are engraved. These letters are written as follows: Daikoku Fukujuten (大黒福壽天). It is the name of the person who is engraved under the letters. He is generally called Daikokuten (大黒天), and he is a member of the Shichifukujin (七福神, the Seven Gods of Good Fortunes). Each of them bestows various blessings, and Daikokuten is primarily known as the god of bountiful harvests. It is believed this god bestows contentment of heart, contentment of savings, and contentment of life on those who believe. He wears a hood, holds a large bag on his left shoulder, and brings a Uchide-no Koduchi (打ち出の小槌, mallet of good luck), which is famous in folk tales, in his right hand. It also features drooping earlobes and a wide smile on its face.
Katana Signed by Nobuhide
This blade was signed by Chikuzen no Kami Nobuhide (筑前守信秀) in the 3rd year of the Keio era (1866: The end of the Edo period).
Nobuhide was born in Echigo province (today’s Nigata prefecture) in the 12th year of the Bunka era (1815).
In the 12th year of the Bunsei era (1829), he moved to Kyoto and became a famous mirror craftsman. Eventually, he relocated to Edo city (today’s Tokyo) to become an apprentice of Kiyomaro in the third year of the Ka-Ei era (1850). Nobuhide was about 34-35 years old when he first studied sword-forging techniques from Kiyamaro, one of the most skilled and renowned swordsmiths at the end of the Edo period. Kiyomaro was just two years older than Nobuhide back then.
He was so talented that he mastered superb craftsmanship from Kiyomaro in less than three years. Nobuhide was treated as Kiyomaro’s No1 apprentice.
The entire of this sword’s Koshirae is designed with the common theme: Nozarashi-Zu (野晒図). It refers to human bones that have been exposed to winds and rain in the open air and turned into skeletons, and it often refers to skulls in particular. This Nozarashi theme has been favored since a long time ago. After reading the description of the webpage below, you might get a different impression regarding this theme.
Antique Japanese Sword attributed to Nioh
According to NBTHK that authenticated the blade, it is attributed to one of Nioh’s swordsmiths. Although the authentication paper doesn’t say when it was made, we contacted NBTHK to confirm its age. They believe it was created during the late Kamakura period(about 700 years old) based on the blade’s characteristics. This school mastered superb craftsmanship, and it is known as one of the most famous schools in this region.
Nioh is the group of swordsmiths(school) that flourished from the mid-Kamakura period to the late Muromachi period(500-750 years ago) and lasted until the Edo period(150—400 years ago).The school was founded by Nioh Taro Kiyotsuna(二王太郎清綱) in Suo Province(today’s Yamaguchi prefecture). According to his remaining work, the oldest blade was forged in 1265. It is currently enshrined in Itsukushima Shrine in Hiroshima. It is said that he started to forge swords in around 1205(early Kamakura period). The Nioh swordsmiths inherited the part of its founder’s name 清(Kiyo) such as 清房(Kiyofusa), 清長(Kiyonaga).
Newly Acquired Katana signed by Masanori
Edo period Katana.
This blade was forged by Yamato Daijyo Fijiwara Masanori(大和大掾藤原正則), who was born in Miyatsu city, Tango koku(northern Koyoto prefecture). Based on his remaining work, he was active during the early Edo period(the 13th year of Keisho-the fourth year of Keian:1608-1651). Masanori is famous for having forged extremely sharp blades and was popular among high-class Samurai.
It is said that he was a descendant of Yamashiro koku Sanjyo Yoshinori(山城国三条吉則), one of the most famous swordsmiths during the Muromachi period（Prior to Edo period).After learning the sword-forging technique from his father, Norimitsu(則光) in Miyatsu city, Norimitsu, he moved to Kyoto city.
Masanori eventually was noticed and supported by Matsudaira Hideyasu, the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Edo government. Hideysu was the feudal lord of Echizen province during the early Edo period. He then moved to Echizen province to serve the Matsudaira clan. He became an Okakaekaji for Matsudaira Tadanao(松平忠直), who was the first son of Matsudaira Hideyasu.
Antique Katana with beautiful Saya
This blade was signed by Hizen Koku Tadayoshi during the late Edo period while Yoshi (吉) was cut due to Suriage (Size adjustment). We called NBTHK and they told that the attribution is given to the late-gen Tadayoshi from the late Edo period (Early- Mid 19th century). Hizen Koku is where Tadayoshi forged blades.
The swordsmith name Tadayoshi lasted 9th generations from the Azuchi Momoyama-Edo period (1572-1868). During the Edo period, they served the Nabeshima clan, who ruled the Saga domain where Hizen province was located.
This black lacquered scabbard has a highly decorative look. Many kinds of autumn plants are arranged and depicted in a well-balanced manner on an elegant black background made of black lacquer. This masterpiece shows the proficiency of the artisan of the time.
The Aki-no Nanakusa (秋の七草, the seven flowers of autumn) is a group of plants that represent the autumn season. For example, the Japanese bellflower, Japanese pampas grass, bush clover, and kudzu vine are included in this group. The design that combines flowers that grow naturally in the autumn field (chrysanthemum, in this case) with the seven autumn flowers is called the Akikusa (秋草, autumn plant) pattern. It has been favored as a tasteful motif among Japanese people.
Newly Acquired Wakizashi signed by Yasushige
This blade was signed by Bushu Jyu Yasushige (武州住康重) during the early Edo Period (Mid-Late 17th century). Yasushige lived in Bushu province, which is located in Hachioji city in today’s Tokyo, where he created this blade.
The maker’s name Yasushige lasted several generations from the late Muromachi period until the end of the Edo period. This blade was forged by late-gen Yasushige, active during the early Edo period. Yasushige belonged to Bushu Shitahara school in today’s Tokyo(Hachioji city). It is said that Yamamoto Norishige founded the school, and it thrived from the end of the Muromachi period to the late Edo period (Late 16th century to Late 19th century).
Antique Wakizashi attributed to Kanenori
This blade is attributed to Kanenori (兼法), also known as Echizen Koku-Ju Kanenori (越前国住兼法). He was originally a swordsmith in Mino Province (美濃, today’s Gifu prefecture). However, he moved to Echizen (越前, today’s Fukui prefecture) by the invitation of the Yuki (結城) family, the lords of the Fukui domain.
There are many swordsmiths with the same name from the end of the Muromachi period to the early Edo period. Echizen Kanenori, mentioned here, is a swordsmith who moved from Mino to Echizen in the early Edo period and is famous for being the founder of Echizen Shinto (越前新刀). Same as Kanenori, many migrant swordsmiths moved from Minoseki (美濃関) to Echizen Province, and they are collectively called Echizen Seki (越前関). Echizen Shinto has been highly valued since the old Tokugawa period due to its excellent sharpness and excellence as a practical sword.
Tanto attributed to Hiroga
This blade is attributed to Hakushu Hiroga (伯州廣賀) during the late Muromachi period ( Early-Mid 16th century). Hiroga is a prestigious school divided into two branches; Saono (道祖尾) and Mita (見田). Hakushu, also known as Hoki no Kuni, was located in today’s Tottori prefecture.
Saono school was established by the first-gen Hiroga, who originally had learned sword-forging techniques from swordsmiths in Soshu province. After mastering a particular sword-forging tradition called SOSHU DEN, he created his workshop near Sano temple in today’s Tottori prefecture. That is why this school used Saono as its school name. Those who belonged to this school were active during the mid-Muromachi- mid-Edo period (1469-1681) in a village called Kurayoshi Kaji Machi (倉吉鍛冶町) in Hoki province.
Antique Katana attributed to Kouda
This blade is attributed to the work of Uda school by NBTHK, which authenticated this blade. While the certificate doesn’t mention when it was forged, NBTHK appraises it was made in the late Kamakura-Nanbokucho period (Approx. 1299 – 1393). We made a phone call to NBTHK to confirm it.
Uda is a prestigious school that flourished during the Nanbokuchoto-mid Muromachi period(approx. 1334-1491). It was founded by Kunimitsu(国光) in the late Kamakura period. The school was located in Etchu province in Toyama prefecture today. Kunimitsu was originally from Yamato Uda Gun(大和宇多郡), located in Nara prefecture but moved to Etchu in the late Kamakura period(1299-1333) with his apprentices including Kunifusa(国房), and Kunimune(国宗).
Uda school was famous for producing practically designed blades, which were desirable during Nanbokucho- Muromachi period. Among other schools in the Hokuriku region(the northwestern part of Honshu), Uda school was the most prominent school.
Katana attributed to Munehira
This blade was signed by Taira Yoshikuni (平義国) during the Keio era (1865-1868: The end of the Edo period), according to its NBTHK’s appraisal. The signature also indicates that he mainly resided in Seishu, located in today’s eastern part of Mie prefecture.
And he forged this blade in the house of Noshu Seki Kaneyoshi (濃州関兼吉宅), who was a well-known swordsmith in Mino province. This signature indicates that Yoshikuni and Kaneyoshi interacted with each other even though they lived in different places. It also suggests that Yoshikuni dedicated himself to improving his craftsmanship by traveling to another part of Japan.
The theme of the Tsuba (hand guard) is dragon. The figure of a dragon in flight is sculpted, with its body peeking out between the clouds. If you focus on the right hand of this dragon, you will find it brings a ball-shaped object in its hand. It is the Nyoi Houju (如意宝珠, Cintāmaṇi); a fantasy jewel that fulfills any desire and gives out treasure, clothes, food, and drinks.
This blade was signed by Bushu Shitahara Jyu Naiki Yasushige(武州下原住内記康重) during the early Edo Period (Mid-Late 17th century). Bushu Shitahara is the name of the area in Hachioji city in today’s Tokyo, where he created this blade.
The maker’s name Yasushige lasted several generations from the late Muromachi period until the end of the Edo period. This blade was forged by late-gen Yasushige, active during the early Edo period. From the fourth gen, Yasushige started to inscribe Naiki in the signature.
Yasushige belonged to Bushu Shitahara school in today’s Tokyo(Hachioji city). It is said that Yamamoto Norishige founded the school, and it thrived from the end of the Muromachi period to the late Edo period (Late 16th century to Late 19th century).
The swordsmiths who lived in Shitahara were called Shitahara Kaji. They were the group of swordsmiths under the Hojo clan’s auspicious, powerful feudal line during the late Muromachi period first. It is said that the first-gen Yasushige was the son of Chikashige, another prominent figure in this school. The first-gen Yasushige originally signed Chikashige as his first maker’s name. However, he changed it to Yasushige after receiving 康 (Yasu) letter from Hojo Ujiyasu, a famous feudal lord he served.
After the Toyotomi clan destroyed the Hojo clan in the Azuchi Momoyama period, Shitahara started to serve the Tokugawa clan as Okakae Kaji, swordsmiths exclusively working for a specific feudal family.
JUYO Katana attributed to Nariie
JUYO Katana.
This blade was signed by Jyounsai Hayama Enshin (浄雲斎羽山円真) in April, the 4th year of the Taisho era (1915). Enshin was born in the second year of the Koka era (1845: The Late Edo period) in Edo city. His birth name was Suzuki Masahiro.
He learned sword-forging techniques from Suzuki Masao, an apprentice of Kiyomaro, one of the most famous swordsmiths at the end of the Edo period. Enshin lived in Edo city while he was a Samurai from Toyohashi city (Aichi prefecture).
A golden dragon is engraved semi-three-dimensionally. Initially, the dragon was an imaginary creature found in ancient foreign traditions or myths. Furthermore, it is regarded as a symbolic beast of auspicious signs. Its body is likened to nine animals: antlers are deer, the head is a camel, eyes are demons, the neck is a snake, belly is the Mizuchi (蛟, a mythical animal in Japan that looks like a snake and has a horn and four legs), scales are fish, claws are falcons, palms are tigers, and ears are cows. It was thought that the dragon would reign at the top of all animals because of its odd-looking appearance. The dragon design is found in many sword mountings. It shows lots of Samurai favored this dignified beast motif.
This blade was signed by Masamitsu (正光) in Osumi province (Today’s Kagoshima prefecture) during Shin Shin To era (1764-1876), according to NBTHK, which appraised it as a Tokubetsu Hozon Touken. Based on available records, Masamitsu was especially active during the Tenmei era (1781-1789: The late Edo period).
Osumi province was under the umbrella of Satsuma domain. Satsuma domain had a high ratio of Samurai population compared to other parts of Japan. And they are famous for their military power ruled by Shimazu clan. We assume a swordsmith needed to be very skilled to stay active and popular in this demanding place. Masamitsu was one of them.
This blade was signed by Osaka Jyunin Gassan Sadakatsu (大阪住月山貞勝) in December the 8th year of the Showa era (1933). Osaka Jyu means that he lived in Osaka when he forged this blade. Gassan is the name of a prestigious school. The signature also says that this blade was made to commemorate the birth of the crown prince (Prince Akihito back then) in the Imperial House.
Gassan Sadakatsu was born in Osaka in the second year of the Meiji era (1869) as the son of Gassan Sadakazu and grandson of Gassan Sadayoshi, two of the most famous swordsmiths during the late Edo-early Meiji period.
Sadakatsu learned sword-forging techniques from his father in his childhood. You can barely find the blades signed by him before the 7th year of the Taisho era (1918) because he dedicated himself to assisting his father. From the 10th year of the Taiso era (1920), his craftsmanship was highly recognized by Ichiki Kitokuro, Minister of the Imperial House. And, Sadakatsu was assigned to forge blades for the imperial family members. Sadakatsu also forged many blades for the Japanese navy/army generals.
This blade was signed by Hizen Jyu Harima Daijyo Fujiwara Tadakuni (肥前住播磨大掾藤原忠国). The maker’s name Tadakuni lasted three generations, and the first generation forged it, judging from the signature. The first-gen Tadakuni was the second son of Hirosada, an apprentice of the first-gen Tadayoshi, one of the most famous swordsmiths during the early Edo period. His older brother was Kunihiro (国広). Tadakuni, Hirosada (his father), and Kunihiro (his older brother) were all students of the first-gen Tadayoshi.
The first-gen Tadakuni was born in the 9th year of the Keicho era (1604). His birth name was Hashimoto Rokuro Zaemon (橋本六郎左衛門). He was especially active in sword-forging during the KeianーManji era (1648-1661 : Early Edo Period).
Tadakuni originally signed Hironori (広則) when he started his career. Then, he changed it to Tadakuni when he received an official Harima Daijyo (播磨大掾) rank in the 11th year of the Kanei era (1634) when he was 31 years old. Later on, he was promoted to Harima no Kami (播磨守). The emperor gave the title of Daijyo and Kami to those who were excellent at sword-forging.
This blade is attributed to Koyama Munehira (固山宗平), who was active at the end of the Edo period. (Mid-Late 19th century ). Munehira was the older brother of Koyama Munetsugu, one of the most famous swordsmiths during the late Edo period.
Munehira initially forged blades in Shirakawa domain, located in Mutsu province (today’s Fukushima prefecture), and served Shirakawa Matsudaira clan. When the clan was relocated to Kuwana domain in today’s Mie prefecture, Munehira also moved there. In the 7th year of the Tenpo era (1836), he was hired by Doi family, who controlled Shimofusa Koga domain in today’s Chiba prefecture.
There was also a record of him going to Edo city with his younger brother, Munetsugu, to become an apprentice of Chounsai Tsunatoshi.
Munehira was excellent at forging blades with Choji Gunome Midare tempering line, one of the most noticeable characteristics of Bizen DEN Tradition. Bizen DEN is one of the five famous Japanese sword-forging traditions.
Katana made at the end of the Edo period
This blade was signed by Taira Yoshikuni (平義国) during the Keio era (1865-1868: The end of the Edo period), according to its NBTHK’s appraisal. The signature also indicates that he mainly resided in Seishu, located in today’s eastern part of Mie prefecture.
And he forged this blade in the house of Noshu Seki Kaneyoshi (濃州関兼吉宅), who was a well-known swordsmith in Mino province. This signature indicates that Yoshikuni and Kaneyoshi interacted with each other even though they lived in different places. It also suggests that Yoshikuni dedicated himself to improving his craftsmanship by traveling to another part of Japan.
The theme of the Tsuba (hand guard) is dragon. The figure of a dragon in flight is sculpted, with its body peeking out between the clouds. If you focus on the right hand of this dragon, you will find it brings a ball-shaped object in its hand. It is the Nyoi Houju (如意宝珠, Cintāmaṇi); a fantasy jewel that fulfills any desire and gives out treasure, clothes, food, and drinks.
Katana signed by Bushu Shrahara Yasushige
This blade was signed by Bushu Shitahara Jyu Naiki Yasushige(武州下原住内記康重) during the early Edo Period (Mid-Late 17th century). Bushu Shitahara is the name of the area in Hachioji city in today’s Tokyo, where he created this blade.
The maker’s name Yasushige lasted several generations from the late Muromachi period until the end of the Edo period. This blade was forged by late-gen Yasushige, active during the early Edo period. From the fourth gen, Yasushige started to inscribe Naiki in the signature.
Yasushige belonged to Bushu Shitahara school in today’s Tokyo(Hachioji city). It is said that Yamamoto Norishige founded the school, and it thrived from the end of the Muromachi period to the late Edo period (Late 16th century to Late 19th century).
The swordsmiths who lived in Shitahara were called Shitahara Kaji. They were the group of swordsmiths under the Hojo clan’s auspicious, powerful feudal line during the late Muromachi period first. It is said that the first-gen Yasushige was the son of Chikashige, another prominent figure in this school. The first-gen Yasushige originally signed Chikashige as his first maker’s name. However, he changed it to Yasushige after receiving 康 (Yasu) letter from Hojo Ujiyasu, a famous feudal lord he served.
After the Toyotomi clan destroyed the Hojo clan in the Azuchi Momoyama period, Shitahara started to serve the Tokugawa clan as Okakae Kaji, swordsmiths exclusively working for a specific feudal family.
Edo Period Katana signed by Yoshimasa
This blade was signed by Chikushu Jyu Minamoto Nobukuni Yoshimasa (筑州住源信国吉政) in August, the second year of the Jokyo era (1685). Chikushu, also known as Chikuzen, is the province’s name located in Fukuoka prefecture today. Jyu means living. Minamoto Nobukuni is the name of his school, and Yoshimasa is his maker’s name. Those who belonged to Nobukuni School in Chikuzen province were called Tsukushi Nobukuni, one of the most prospered sword forging schools in Kyushu island during the Edo period.
The maker’s name Yoshimasa lasted three generations, and we believe it was signed by the second generation. The second-gen Yoshimasa is also known as Nobukuni Heishiro (信国平四郎). He was born as the second son of Nobukuni Yoshisada (信国吉貞) in the fifth year of the Gen-Na era (1618). Yoshisada was the founder of Tsukushi Nobukuni school, and his older brother was the first-gen Yoshimasa. The second-gen Yoshimasa was especially active during the Kanbun-Enpo era (1661-1681: Early Edo Period). There is also a record of him forging a sword in the second year of the Jyokyo era (1685).
JUYO Katana attributed to Nariie
JUYO Katana.
This blade was attributed to Nariie (成家). According to NBTHK, which appraised it as a JUYO TOKEN, he was active during the mid-late Nanbokucho period (mid-late 14th century). He resided in Bizen province, located in today’s Okayama prefecture. It is said that Nariie was a grandson of Kagehide (景秀), a younger brother of Mitsutada, who was the founder of Bizen Osafune school.
Based on available records, Date Masamune, one of the most famous feudal lords, owned a Katana forged by Kagehide, his grandfather. It is believed that Nariie might have interacted with Kanemitsu, another famous swordsmith in Bizen province, because of the resemblance between the works of Nariie and Kanemitsu.
Nariie is categorized as a Kozori swordsmith. Kozori is a group of swordsmiths who belonged to Osafune school in Bizen during the Nanbokucho Period but weren’t part of major branches such as Kanemitsu school. Other famous swordsmiths seen as Kozori are Morimitsu, Yasumitsu, and Norimitsu.
The theme of the sword mounting is dragonfly
During Samurai period, the dragonfly was called the Kachimushi (勝ち虫, winning insect) because of its fearless character. Dragonflies fly around fast to catch pests, moving only forward, not backward. Therefore, people thought the behaviors of this insect showed the spirit of Futaiten (不退転); it is a state of mind or a state in which a person has some conviction and does not give in to difficulties.
Authentic Katana Signed by Hayama Enshin
authentic Katana made 107 years ago.
This blade was signed by Jyounsai Hayama Enshin (浄雲斎羽山円真) in April, the 4th year of the Taisho era (1915). Enshin was born in the second year of the Koka era (1845: The Late Edo period) in Edo city. His birth name was Suzuki Masahiro.
He learned sword-forging techniques from Suzuki Masao, an apprentice of Kiyomaro, one of the most famous swordsmiths at the end of the Edo period. Enshin lived in Edo city while he was a Samurai from Toyohashi city (Aichi prefecture).
A golden dragon is engraved semi-three-dimensionally. Initially, the dragon was an imaginary creature found in ancient foreign traditions or myths. Furthermore, it is regarded as a symbolic beast of auspicious signs. Its body is likened to nine animals: antlers are deer, the head is a camel, eyes are demons, the neck is a snake, belly is the Mizuchi (蛟, a mythical animal in Japan that looks like a snake and has a horn and four legs), scales are fish, claws are falcons, palms are tigers, and ears are cows. It was thought that the dragon would reign at the top of all animals because of its odd-looking appearance. The dragon design is found in many sword mountings. It shows lots of Samurai favored this dignified beast motif.
Katana signed by Masamitsu
This blade was signed by Masamitsu (正光) in Osumi province (Today’s Kagoshima prefecture) during Shin Shin To era (1764-1876), according to NBTHK, which appraised it as a Tokubetsu Hozon Touken. Based on available records, Masamitsu was especially active during the Tenmei era (1781-1789: The late Edo period).
Osumi province was under the umbrella of Satsuma domain. Satsuma domain had a high ratio of Samurai population compared to other parts of Japan. And they are famous for their military power ruled by Shimazu clan. We assume a swordsmith needed to be very skilled to stay active and popular in this demanding place. Masamitsu was one of them.
Modern Katana Signed by Gassan Sadakatsu
This blade was signed by Osaka Jyunin Gassan Sadakatsu (大阪住月山貞勝) in December the 8th year of the Showa era (1933). Osaka Jyu means that he lived in Osaka when he forged this blade. Gassan is the name of a prestigious school. The signature also says that this blade was made to commemorate the birth of the crown prince (Prince Akihito back then) in the Imperial House.
Gassan Sadakatsu was born in Osaka in the second year of the Meiji era (1869) as the son of Gassan Sadakazu and grandson of Gassan Sadayoshi, two of the most famous swordsmiths during the late Edo-early Meiji period.
Sadakatsu learned sword-forging techniques from his father in his childhood. You can barely find the blades signed by him before the 7th year of the Taisho era (1918) because he dedicated himself to assisting his father. From the 10th year of the Taiso era (1920), his craftsmanship was highly recognized by Ichiki Kitokuro, Minister of the Imperial House. And, Sadakatsu was assigned to forge blades for the imperial family members. Sadakatsu also forged many blades for the Japanese navy/army generals.
Katana signed by Hizen Tadakuni
This blade was signed by Hizen Jyu Harima Daijyo Fujiwara Tadakuni (肥前住播磨大掾藤原忠国). The maker’s name Tadakuni lasted three generations, and the first generation forged it, judging from the signature. The first-gen Tadakuni was the second son of Hirosada, an apprentice of the first-gen Tadayoshi, one of the most famous swordsmiths during the early Edo period. His older brother was Kunihiro (国広). Tadakuni, Hirosada (his father), and Kunihiro (his older brother) were all students of the first-gen Tadayoshi.
The first-gen Tadakuni was born in the 9th year of the Keicho era (1604). His birth name was Hashimoto Rokuro Zaemon (橋本六郎左衛門). He was especially active in sword-forging during the KeianーManji era (1648-1661 : Early Edo Period).
Tadakuni originally signed Hironori (広則) when he started his career. Then, he changed it to Tadakuni when he received an official Harima Daijyo (播磨大掾) rank in the 11th year of the Kanei era (1634) when he was 31 years old. Later on, he was promoted to Harima no Kami (播磨守). The emperor gave the title of Daijyo and Kami to those who were excellent at sword-forging.
Katana signed by Terukado
This blade was signed by Tanba no Kami Fujiwara Terukado(丹波守藤原照門). He was a famous swordsmith in the early Edo period (1658-1684: Manji-Tenna era).
This blade was signed by Tanba no Kami Fujiwara Terukado(丹波守藤原照門). He was a famous swordsmith in the early Edo period (1658-1684: Manji-Tenna era).
Terukado belonged to Yoshisada School, one of the seven prestigious schools in the Mino province. He first signed as Kanekado on his works. When the master of his school, Ujifusa, moved to Nagoya city, he took over the position, and he became the head of all the schools in the Seki city, located in Mino province. He received the honorable title of Tanba no Kami in 1659 and changed his name from Kanekado to Terukado. His work was so popular among high-class Samurai that he sometimes forged swords in Edo city(today’ Tokyo) or Ise city (Mie prefecture). Isami Kondo, a famous Samurai, who played an important role in Shinsengumi at the end of the Edo period, also owned a Katana forged by Terukado.
Katana Signed by Chikanori
This blade was signed by Seki Zenjo Ke Chikanori (関善定家近則) in the second year of the Keio era (1866: The end of the Edo period). Chikanori was active during 1818-1864 (Late Edo period). He was originally from Mino province (Today’s Gifu Prefecture) and is said to be an offspring of Seki Zenjo Ke, one of the region’s seven most prosperous schools. He signed his ancestor’s name on the signature to show homage.
Chikanori’s birth name was Kikuchi Toyosaburo. He was later adopted by the 5th-gen Kawamura Kansaburo, who lived in Mito province (Today’s Ibaraki prefecture). And he changed his maker’s name to Chikanori. He learned the sword-forging technique from Naotane, one of the most famous swordsmiths at the end of the Edo period. He improved his craftsmanship significantly under Naotane’s supervision. After finishing the apprenticeship, Chikanori returned to Mito province and became a Hanko, a swordsmith exclusively serving a specific domain or clan. It is said that he was also a Samurai who served Mito province. Mito province was controlled by Tokugawa family and gained political influence. Considering the fact he served this province, his craftsmanship must have been highly appreciated among Samurai there.
Katana signed by Sadashige
The shape of Nakago (tang) in his work is very peculiar, and it is called Kiji Momo Gata Nakago (雉子股型茎). You can see the sudden bump on the upper part of the Nakago. It was named after the fact that its shape resembles a pheasant’s thigh. In Japanese, pheasant is pronounced as Kiji, and thigh is Momo. This Nakago shape was often found in the Tachi blades forged in the Heian and Kamakura period. Kiji Momo Gata Nakago symbolizes famous swords in ancient times.
This blade was signed by Tsushima no Kami Fujiwara Sadashige (対馬守藤原貞重) in Owari province (Aichi prefecture) during the Kanbun era (1661-1673: Early Edo Period). His birth name was Suzuki Ichizaemon. He was the youngest son of Kawachi no Kami Rai Sadayuki, and he belonged to the school founded by his older brother named, Etchu no Kami Sadayuki.
The maker’s name Sadashige lasted two generations during the early Edo period, and the second gen made this blade. He received an honorable official title Tsushima no Kami, from the emperor for his excellent craftsmanship in his late career. There was also a record of him forging blades in Osaka.
Katana Signed by Hayama Enshin
Enshin was one of the most renowned swordsmiths during the Meiji-Taisho era, and he preferred to use Swiss carbon steel, while other swordsmiths used Tamahagane, traditional Japanese carbon steel. He was known as a master of using western carbon steel. He was excellent at making *Utsushi of famous Japanese swords such as Awataguchi Kuniyoshi (粟田口国吉).This blade was signed by Jyounsai Hayama Enshin (浄雲斎羽山円真) in Feb, the 39th year of the Meiji era (1906). There is also an inscription that says it was made when he was 61 years old when he mastered excellent craftsmanship. Enshin was born in the second year of the Koka era (1845: The Late Edo period) in Edo city. His birth name was Suzuki Masahiro.
He learned sword-forging techniques from Suzuki Masao, an apprentice of Kiyomaro, one of the most famous swordsmiths at the end of the Edo period. Enshin lived in Edo city while he was a Samurai from Toyohashi city (Aichi prefecture).
The shape of Nakago (tang) in his work is very peculiar, and it is called Kiji Momo Gata Nakago (雉子股型茎). You can see the sudden bump on the upper part of the Nakago. It was named after the fact that its shape resembles a pheasant’s thigh. In Japanese, pheasant is pronounced as Kiji, and thigh is Momo. This Nakago shape was often found in the Tachi blades forged in the Heian and Kamakura period. Kiji Momo Gata Nakago symbolizes famous swords in ancient times.
Newly Acquired Wakizashi signed by Kunisada
Kunisada (国貞) split the popularity of the Osaka Shinto (大阪新刀) with the master Sukehiro (助広). He was born as the second son of Izuminokami Kunisada (和泉守国貞), who is famous as the founder of Osaka Shinto.
By 1650 (3rd year of Keian; 慶安), the second generation Kunisada had already completed many works on behalf of his father because of his old age. And in 1652 (the first year of Jouo; 承応), he received the title of Izuminokami (和泉守). In 1661 (4th year of Manji, 万治), the Imperial Court granted permission to use the 16-leaved chrysanthemum crest.
After that, Kunisada carved his engraved inscription as “Inoue Izuminokami Shinkai (井上和泉守真改),” but changed it to “Inoue Shinkai (井上真改)” from August 1672 (12th year of Kanubun; 寛文). Since his father also used the name Kunisada, the swords of the first Kunisada are sometimes called the Oya Kunisada (親国貞), and the sword that the second Kunisada forged are called the Shinkai Kunisada (真改国貞) to distinguish between the two.
Newly Acquired Wakizashi signed by Yoshimichi
This blade was signed by Tanba no Kami Yoshimichi(丹波守吉道), whose real name was Mishina Kinuemon (三品金右衛門). He was active in sword-forging during the early Edo period (Mid-Late 17th century ) in Osaka. He belonged to Osaka Mishina school, one of the most prestigious schools back then.
The swordsmith Yoshimichi prospered in Osaka and Kyoto for generations during the Edo period. And to distinguish the two Yoshimichi, The one in Osaka is called Osaka Yoshimichi, and the other one is called Kyo Yoshimichi. And, we believe this blade was created by the first-gen Osaka Yoshimichi.
The first-gen Osaka Yoshimichi was born in the third year of the Keicho era (1598) as the second son of the first-gen Kyo Tanba no Kami Yoshimichi in Kyoto. His father was one of the most skilled sword makers in Kyoto city, and Yoshimichi learned sword-forging skills from him first. Later, he received the honorable official title Tanba no Kami and moved to Osaka city during the Seiho era (1644-1648). He was especially active in sword-forging during the Jo-Ou era (1652-1655). He became an independent swordsmith in Osaka city and made the fame of Mishina school spread in Osaka.
Antique Katana Signed by Kunihira
show you one of the Bakumatsu Katanas.
This blade was signed by Unju Kanetomo (運寿兼友) in the first year of the Bunkyu era (1861). Unju Kanetomo is also known as Aizu Kanetomo (会津兼友) since he resided in Aizu province, located in today’s Fukushima prefecture).
It is said that the swordsmith name “Kanetomo” lasted 8th generations from the Genroku-early Meij era (Late 17th – Late 19th century). And based on the year this blade was forged, we believe this blade is a work of the 8th-gen Kanetomo.
The generations of Kanetomo belonged to Aizu Kanesada school, and they served Aizu domain. Aizu domain is one of the last domains that fought for Tokugawa Shogunate at the end of the Edo period when a civil war happened between the Tokugawa Shogunate and Choshu-Satsuma alliances (Boshin War) . It is said that the 8th-gen Kanetomo forged swords for Samurai in Aizu domain rigorously in the civil war.
Early Edo Period Wakizashi signed by Kagehira
This blade was signed by Kunihira (國平) in February, the second year of the Tenwa era (1682: Early Edo Period). He belonged to Inoue Shinkai school in Settsu province (Today’s Osaka prefecture). Inoue Shinkai was the head of this school and one of the most famous swordsmiths during the early Edo period. Shinkai trained many apprentices who later became famous swordsmiths. We believe Kunihira mastered a superb level of craftsmanship by studying under Inoue Shinkai. Kunihira mainly lived in Settsu province, but there was also a record of him residing in Hyuga province (Today’s Miyazaki prefecture) during his career.
Kunihira was active during Enpo-Hoei era (1673-1711). It is said that the maker’s name Kunihira lasted two generations, and we believe this blade was created by the second-gen, based on the year inscribed on the tang.
The Tsuba depicts a scenery of the autumn landscape. On the front, you would find a dragonfly flying around the chrysanthemum. Dragonfly and chrysanthemum are both representative motifs that symbolize autumn. Japanese people have greatly appreciated this flower since ancient times.
Bakumatsu Katana signed by Kanetomo
show you one of the Bakumatsu Katanas.
This blade was signed by Unju Kanetomo (運寿兼友) in the first year of the Bunkyu era (1861). Unju Kanetomo is also known as Aizu Kanetomo (会津兼友) since he resided in Aizu province, located in today’s Fukushima prefecture).
It is said that the swordsmith name “Kanetomo” lasted 8th generations from the Genroku-early Meij era (Late 17th – Late 19th century). And based on the year this blade was forged, we believe this blade is a work of the 8th-gen Kanetomo.
The generations of Kanetomo belonged to Aizu Kanesada school, and they served Aizu domain. Aizu domain is one of the last domains that fought for Tokugawa Shogunate at the end of the Edo period when a civil war happened between the Tokugawa Shogunate and Choshu-Satsuma alliances (Boshin War) . It is said that the 8th-gen Kanetomo forged swords for Samurai in Aizu domain rigorously in the civil war.
Antique Japanese Sword signed by Masamori
This blade was signed by Saku Yo Bakkashi Hosokawa Masamori (作陽幕下士細川正守) in the 3rd year of the Keio era (1867: The end of the Edo period). Saku Yo Bakkashi signifies that he was also a Samurai, and we assume he engraved these letters to show his dignity for being a Samurai. Hosokawa Masamori was active during the Koka-early Meiji era (1844-early 1870s). He was the son of Hosokawa Masayoshi, one of the most renowned swordsmiths during the late Edo period.
His father, Hosokawa Masayoshi, had learned sword-forging techniques under the master, Suishinshi Masahide(水心子正秀), one of the most famous swordsmiths in Samurai history. Masamori learned sword-forging techniques in Edo city under master Taikei Naotane, an apprentice of Suishinshi Masahide.
This blade was signed by Kashu Jyu Fujiwara Kagehira(賀州住藤原景平). Kashu is the domain’s name, located in today’s Ishikawa prefecture. It is also known as Kaga domain. After the signature, there is a Kao (花押: stylized signature).
Kagehira was the first son of the first-gen Kanewaka, one of the most famous swordsmiths in Kaga domain during the early Edo period. Kagehira’s birth name was Tsujimura Shirouemon(辻村四郎右衛門).
According to available records, Kagehira was active from 1612 to 1654 (Early Edo period). The first-gen Kanewaka (his father) and Kagehira served Maeda clan, one of the most powerful and influential feudal clans. The maker’s name was usually hereditary, and when the first-gen retired, his son took over his father’s maker’s name. However, this tradition didn’t occur to Kagehira. He dedicated his career to helping his father, and Kagehira’s younger brother eventually inherited Kanawaka’s name. Kagehira was active in the same period as the first-gen Kanewaka.
It is said that Kagehira regularly did Daisaku for Kanewaka. Daisaku is a regular act where an apprentice or a child of the swordsmith signs his master’s name with his master’s permission or forges a blade on behalf of the master. That means that his master highly acknowledged Kagehira’s craftsmanship.
